imported post
hometheaterman wrote:
rlh2005 wrote:
Just for the restaurant carry bill or for all of the ones that passed today?
From what I'm seeing this appears to have passed the house today
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?101+sum+HB870
However, it says that this one
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?101+sum+SB79
Was defeated yesterday in the Senate. Does that mean there isn't any hope of that passing?
I am not a lawyer, a legislator, or any other expert on the legislative system. I am fairly observant, and I know the basic concepts of a bicameral system.
From what I've observed, I have come to assume the following.
Members of each house (House of Delegates and the Senate) submit bills to their own body. The bills go through a process of weeding out and modification through the committees and subcommittees.
If they survive, they are "reported" out of the committee or sometimes committees back to the full body. Once there, a bill must be read and voted on three times. During the three votes, the members may discuss, debate, or even further amend the bills. It seems that at the end of the second reading, the bill is generally "engrossed", or "locked down" against further amendments, which means that the third reading is just a yes or no, with no changes allowed. If any of the three votes fail, then the bill is dead.
All the bills from each house must be passed that third time by "crossover day". If a bill is not "done" by that day, it doesn't make it out of the originating body, so it is dead.
Upon crossover, each bill that has passed the originating body is submitted to the other body. At this point, it seems to be treated just like a new bill was at the beginning, it goes through the same committee and subcommittee process, where it may be changed, etc. As before, if it is passes through the committees, it is reported back out to the full body for passage. I assume (but I'm not sure) that it would need three votes there again.
On a practical matter, I suspect that since the crossed over bills have actually been passed out of the one body already, they are probably treated a little more carefully than the mass of first time bills the first time around. A lot of the crazy bills get weeded out quickly, but once it's passed one house, I would think it certainly deserves a closer look by the second. Of course that does not prevent the anti-gun folks in the Senate from eagerly killing the pro-gun bills they hate.
[ETA: One point I left out... if a similar bill was defeated in the one house, then yes, it's probably a good bet that it'll be defeated if it comes over from the other. Generally they would go through the same path, and unless there was one particular thing different that gave a lot of them grief, it'll suffer the same fate. If it was something small that was different, they probably would have just fixed it rather than defeat it.]
If the bills are changed, then the differences must be resolved. I'm not sure of all the possible ways to do this at the state level, the federal level has a conference committee, as well as other rules (we're all aware of due to the national health care debate). Once the differences are resolved, and both houses have agreed to a final version of the bill, then it goes to the governor for signing. If he signs it, then it's law, usually on July 1st. If he vetoes it then the legislature has a chance to override the veto by a 2/3 super-majority, and make it law anyway.
Please feel free to correct anything I may have assumed incorrectly!
TFred