English is the official language of the United States and of every State and territory of the United States. In specific, the federal government will do no business in languages other than English and private entities cannot be expected to use (or be held liable for not using) any language other than English. Furthermore, all government proceedings will be conducted in English, including court proceedings. Additionally, students attending schools that are both publicly funded and publicly operated have a right to take English-only versions of every offered non-foreign-language course.
The following exceptions apply:
1. In any case where a lawyer would be provided at no cost to someone facing legal action from the government, the government will also provide to non-English speakers a translator at no cost, paid and approved by the court, but found by the defendant, this amendment or any other laws establishing official languages, notwithstanding.
2. States and territories may adopt English and a second language as official languages. If a State or territory does so, then:
a. The federal government will conduct its business in that State or territory in both languages with the State or territory bearing any additional cost. The State or territory may require all government and private business (including ballot printing) be conducted in English and the one other official language, but not any other languages. Private entities can be held liable for not conducting business in that State or territory in both official languages, but not for not conducting it in any other languages.
b. Publicly funded and publicly operated schools must provide all non-foreign-language courses in both official languages (the choice of language being the students' and not the schools') and classes must be provided to raise students' proficiency in English to a level where they can be successful in English-only classes.
c. If a State or territory adopts official languages other than either (1) only English or (2) English and only one other language (or if it does not adopt any official language), then English will be the only official language and none of the provisions in a. and b. above will apply.