Show me a "need clause" in the Second Amendment.
If you're feeling feisty, tell me who gets to determine what you or I need for personal defense and/or defense of the country.
You mean after all of this time, Abs, you never noticed the "need clause" in the Second Amendment before?
"A well regulated militia, being
necessary to the security of a free state, . . . ."
Dude, make that appointment with the Opthamologist right away.
So the Constitution is telling us that we NEED a well-regulated militia for defense of the country. The world is a threatening place, requiring free states to arm themselves with a "well regulated" fighting force.
So far, there is nothing about whether the force "need" be equipped with muskets, but that is certainly implied by the part of the Amendment you and I tend to focus on more ie "the right of the people to keep and bear arms."
But this is a broad constitutional injunction: it is not intended to tell us how many muskets to buy -- or to require the soldiers themselves to provide --for a detachment of militia.
That is a military logistics question: you need enough for the detachment. Perhaps the number of necessary muskets is less than the total number of members of the militia -- because some of these militia members will be assigned to support functions, but probably more than the total number of infantry fighters in the detatchment, because you have to plan on a certain amount of loss and breakage of weaponry.
You also need to think about the size of your militia: what is the number of fighters you need to accomplish the military missions of the militia? In planning for this, you need to take into account the more likely scenarios where the militia might be engaged, but also less likely ones, because some of these less likely could have a serious impact on "the security of a free state." You need to think about the fact that it is a dynamic situation, and that your possible opponents may gain information about how many muskets you are buying, and ships you are building. How will they react to that? Are THEY going to be motivated to buy more and better muskets and ships because you -- their possible opponent -- is stocking up? What do you need to do to anticipate that? You need to think about all these things, but also deftly employ Occum's Razor because you do not need to take into account scenarios so bizarre or unlikely as to be absurd, and it is easy to get kind of twisted when you start thinking like this.
So the founders would have thought about the British, and what they might do, and some of the "savages" who are also mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. They may have thought about the possibility of internal unrest, such as the Whiskey Rebellion. How many muskets will the "Committees of Safety" need for these contingencies? We had better have enough, because otherwise the "security of a free state" might be jeopardized: but at the same time, not too much, because the United States is already having great trouble raising the capital it requires to pay and equip its militia for existing needs.
If you were to go -- say to John Adams -- and tell him that you thought that the United States should -- in this time of scarse resources -- double its musket purchases to prepare for the contingency of invasions by the Mole People from the Planet Xenon 6, I do not think that you would have gotten a real good response from Mr. Adams. Not so much.
Planning the number of nuclear weapons you may need for the possibility of a nuclear war is in many ways similar to this: you need to think of contingencies, scenarios, and possible targets. You actually may decide that you need more weapons than the number of likely targets you might hit in a war, because these weapons are also subject to loss and breakage. But you do not need too many, because in that case, the "extras" are wasted on things like "making the rubble bounce." You also need to think about your infrastructure: how many of these awful things can you actually support in an adequate state of readiness to address the threats you face. You need to think of resources: these things are very expensive to build, operate, maintain, and properly secure. You need to think of "arms race stability" What are your likely opponents going to think if you start building these things like there is no tomorrow? Are they going to want to build them too? Are they going to start speculating that maybe there really is no tomorrow? What effect is that unfortunate development likely to have on you?
I really do not think that the Second Amendment provides adequate answers to these questions. At best, it is a philosophical statement suggesting that you need enough nuclear weapons to provide for "the security of a free state." Most modern states regard zero as enough for themselves. I am not sure that either the United States or Israel will ever be in that enviable position. But I DO think that both of these states can get by with less -- and considerably less if the right things happen in diplomacy and on the ground.