They don't do anything about the cameras on phones. Though if you tried to take any pictures something might be done about that. Also I'm yet to have any issues on a military base simply because my phone has a camera built into it. The only places I've seen phones be an issue on base are "sensitive" areas like classified briefings, the vault, etc and then often times the issue with the phone is the actual audio features and not the built in camera.
Oh yeah, right -- I was thinking more about bases where there are few(er) places you can have a phone/camera, rather than just on the base itself. Most of the places that I go to, and then where on those bases, it has been more of an issue. And at those places folks have had to hang onto old camera-free phones. I have been to a place or two that outright prohibited any cell phone with a camera on the base though. And most if not all are now prohibit usage of phones unless hands-free. But out in your neck of the woods there were no issues at for example, Fort Sill.