Effective tools of persuasion too, because as it turns out most criminals aren't smart enough to use their rights
The same way we actually have some level of vision in the dark
Read
Terry v. Ohio yes a cop can detain based off of what he thinks is suspicious. There is no 4th amendment violation.
http://definitions.uslegal.com/p/prowling/
There's no law against drinking rogaine either. Something being technically legal doesn't make it smart, or non-suspicious. if you're loitering on my block wearing dark clothes after dark and I don't recognize you as a neighbor that is in fact suspicious, RAS is not a high standard to meet and doesn't require the activity be illegal
No, you're suspicious with a combination of factors. If you're walking down the sidewalk dressed like a mormon missionary you're probably not going to get the cops called on you, or bothered except by people who don't want to hear about Joseph Smith. If you're walking down the sidewalk and it's after dark and you're not a member of that neighborhood and you're wearing all black and you're still in the same place when the police show up..... well that is suspicious
Yeah, in fact that does happen, cops aren't able to leave the scene and consult with a team of lawyers and then come back and take action. RAS is made on the spur of the moment, that's entirely what RAS is, RAS is derived from what's happening at the time you observed it.