Next, we consider appellant's conduct when the officer inquired whether appellant had any weapons. The officer described appellant as nervous, with his hands trembling. He appeared to be "looking for different avenues of escape."
An officer's perception of a suspect's nervousness, without additional articulable facts reasonably suggesting the suspect is armed and presently dangerous, cannot justify a pat-down search. See Moore v. Commonwealth, 12 Va. App. 404, 406-07, 404 S.E.2d 77, 78 (1991) (holding that, where the pat-down search was based only on the officer's "subjective evaluation of the severity of [appellant's] nervousness," "the officer lacked sufficient justification to conduct the pat-down search"). "Nervousness . . . standing alone, is insufficient to justify a frisk for weapons, but 'nervous, evasive behavior is a pertinent factor' for consideration in assessing the totality of the circumstances." McCain, 275 Va. at 554, 659 S.E.2d at 517 (quoting Illinois v. Wardlow, 528 U.S. 119, 124 (2000)); see also Walker v. Commonwealth, 42 Va. App. 782, 792, 595 S.E.2d 30, 35 (2004) (holding appellant's strange behavior and "very nervous" appearance in area known for drug activity, and officer's concern when appellant refused to remove hand from his pocket, justified frisk); James, 22 Va. App. at 745-46, 473 S.E.2d at 92 (holding passenger's "jittery" behavior while officers arrested driver on felony warrant and passenger's unresponsiveness to requests to keep hands in view supported a frisk). In contrast to these examples, the record here does not show that appellant concealed or attempted to conceal his hands from Officer Cofer.