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Is it legal for police to maintain records that contain confidential health information?
Unfortunately, YES, it might be.
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 is a Federal law that supposedly protects the privacy of a patient's medical records. Before a health acre provider can release any information, they must have a signed disclosure from the affected before giving out any information on provided health care to anyone, including parents.
The problem is that there are many huge gaping holes in the law. It allows information to be accessed by to public officials responding to a bioterrorism threat or other public health emergency, and to local, state, and Federal law enforcement, and to others.
There is along list on the HIPPA forms that all doctor offices give you (by law) when you make an appointment.
Here is the list:
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/faq/disclosures_for_law_enforcement_purposes/505.html